Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. Current medications do not cure it but can modestly slow cognitive decline and ease behavioural symptoms in some patients. Earlier diagnosis means earlier treatment and better planning.

Two main drug groups are used: cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) for mild-to-moderate disease, and memantine (an NMDA antagonist) for moderate-to-severe disease. They can be combined. Newer disease-modifying antibodies are emerging but availability and eligibility are limited.