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Condition guide · /gastro/

Gastro and digestive health

Reviewed by Dr. Arjun Mehta, PharmD — Head Pharmacist. Updated May 2025.

20%

US with GERD
 

PPI

First-line GERD

4–8 wks

Healing course

H. pylori

Cause of most ulcers

About this condition

Digestive complaints — acid reflux, indigestion, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel — are some of the commonest reasons people see a doctor. Most respond very well to medication once the cause is identified.

Acid-related disease (GERD, ulcers) is treated primarily with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) like pantoprazole or esomeprazole, which strongly reduce stomach-acid production. Peptic ulcers caused by H. pylori infection also need a course of antibiotics (triple therapy). For IBS and functional dyspepsia, treatment is more individualised.

Treatment options

Proton-pump inhibitors

Pantoprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole. First-line for reflux and ulcers. Once daily before breakfast.

H2 blockers

Famotidine. Useful for breakthrough symptoms on top of a PPI, or in patients who don’t tolerate PPIs.

Antibiotics for H. pylori

Triple therapy: PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin for 7–14 days. Cure rates above 80%.

Antispasmodics

Hyoscine, mebeverine. Used for cramp-type IBS pain. Symptom relief rather than cure.

Common questions

How long should I take a PPI?

Most people use a PPI for 4–8 weeks for healing, then step down. Long-term use is reasonable for severe reflux or Barrett’s oesophagus, but should be reviewed yearly.

Should I be tested for H. pylori?

Yes if you have a peptic ulcer or persistent dyspepsia. A simple breath or stool test confirms infection

Are PPIs dangerous long-term?

Generally safe, but very long-term use is associated with slightly lower B12 and magnesium and small increases in some risks. Use the lowest effective dose.

Dr. Arjun Mehta, PharmD · Head Pharmacist

/our-pharmacists/arjun-mehta/ — Reviewed May 2025

This guide is reviewed every 12 months or sooner when clinical guidance changes. If you have a specific medical question, call our pharmacist team — we answer the phone, not a bot.